Volume11,Issue1

Reissantia indica belongs to the family Celastraceae shrub, in dryish forest or wood land or on river banks, often in stony ground of Senegal to Cameroun and occurring south in the transvaalin tropical Asia from India and Ceylon to the Philippines at altitude range of 210–1170 m. Root bark is used for the treatment of respiratory troubles. Stems are considered as febrifuge. Leaves are scorched and given to women during confinement. Powdered leaves and roots are applied to sores and wounds. Effect of anticancer activity was studied on HT- 29 cell lines by MTT assay using the ethanolic extract of Reissantia indica . Different doses of plant extract and standard kiwigambling.co.nz were taken and introduced into cancer cells were recorded at 24 hrs respectively it clearly  showed us the dose dependent response for the inhibition of cells. The most potent anticancer activity has been shown at the concentration 1000 μg/mL of Reissantia indica. extract on HT-29 colon cancer cell line.

Recently, plant products have started gaining importance due to their significant contribution in tackling various health issues. The medicinal prominence of these plants lies in chemical constituents present in it, termed as “phytochemicals”. Phytochemicals are naturally occurring secondary metabolites derived from plants which may be biologically active. Several major groups of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, coumarins, terpenoids, cinnamic acids, and alkaloids etc. have been reported to possess specific bioactivities. In addition to these chemical components, “phytoelements” present in plants are also responsible for their medicinal properties either collectively or individually. Hence, detection of phytoelements is equally important in addition to the identification of phytochemicals, in order to correlate their presence as well as their synergistic impact on therapeutic efficacy of a particular medicinal plant associated with specific bioactivity. Thus, the present study deals with the phytochemical studies of J. officinale leaves in five different solvents with increasing polarity viz. hexane, chloroform, ethanol, methanol and water. Preliminary phytochemical screening of these fractions showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, coumarins, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids. Though, the results reveal that the aqueous fraction has the maximum phytochemicals, qualitatively as well as quantitatively.  Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used for detection of elements present in aqueous fraction of J. officinale leaves and the spectral analysis indicated the significant presence of Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg). Whereas, Oxygen (O) and Nitrogen (N) were present to a lesser extent comparatively. Very encouraging results are in hand on correlating the presence of these phytochemicals, and phytoelements with the specific therapeutic efficacies of J. officinale leaves and hence its aqueous fraction could be explored further as a novel therapeutic agent.

Research on Phytochemical constituent  and Anti-cholesterol Potential of Methanol Extract from Gofasa Tree in Bark and Leaves (Vitex cofassus) from Halmahera  has been done. Extraction was carried out by maceration method as much as 3 x 24 hours with methanol solvent and then the phytochemical test was performed on thick extract. Anticolestrol test was carried out using the CHOD-PAP method. The phytochemical test results showed methanol extract from bark of gofasa tree containing alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins and methanol extract from the leafs of gofasa tree contained alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Methanol extract of bark and leaves of gofasa tree has the ability to reduce cholesterol levels by 90.69% and 93.95% respectively. This shows the bark and leaves of the gofasa tree has the potential to be developed into an anti-cholesterol drug.

A rapid and very accurate method of High performance thin layer chromatography was developed for the validation and quantification of Sinapic acid in methanolic extract of Camelina defatted seed cake. There are various HPLC methods have been reported previously for the identification and quantification of Sinapic acid in different extracts, but HPTLC provides an ideal confirmatory method which is cost effective and environmentally friendly as compared to HPLC. Methanolic extract of defatted cake was prepared using Soxhlet method. Analyses and quantification of sinapic acid was performed in pre coated aluminium sheet TLC plate (Merck, Silica gel F254) as stationary phase. Samples were sprayed onto TLC plate in the form of bands with Nitrogen (Linomat 5) at the speed of 150 nl/sec. Development of Chromatogram was carried out in twin through glass chamber saturated with the developing mobile solvent i.e. Ethyl acetate: Ethyl methyl ketone: Formic acid: water at room temperature (25˚C ± 2). Densitometric evaluation (TLC Scanner 4) of developed chromatogram was done at 254 -336 nm (U-V range) using Deuterium and Tungsten lamp. System identified a clear spot of Sinapic acid at the R_f value of 0.91 (± 0.02). Linear graph shows the correlation coefficient (R) was 99.9952 %. The result observed clearly showed the intense band of sinapic acid with the value of 250.4 µg/mg. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the method is reproducible and selective for estimation of sinapic acid and its derivatives.

Since ancient times, essential oils are recognized for their medicinal value and they are very interesting and powerful natural plant products. In the present study qualitative screening of the chemical constituents of Sphaeranthus indicus L. Belong to family Asteraceae, commonly known as Gorakhmundi showed the presence of various secondary metabolites including flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides essential oils, etc. In the present investigation of the essential oils by GC-MS of Spheranthus indicus shown seven additional essential oil (1) Benzene,2-tert-butyle-1-4 dimethoxy, (2) 10 a-Ambros-11(13)-en-12-Oic acid 8 a-hydroxyl-4-oxo-c-lactone, (3) 1H cyclopropa(a)n-napthaelene1aa 2,3,3,a,4,5,6,7ba,octahydro11,3aa 7tetra methyl, (4) 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(Z Z) (5) Edesm-4(14)en-11-ol, (6) n- Hexadecanoic acid, (7) n-Tetratetraacontane. The essential oil composition have an important role in antibacterial activity, to understand the antibacterial activity of the individual compound, we have been studied their activity by bioautography. The terpene has shown a good conclusive evidence of antibacterial activity.  The key objective of the present study is develop a several new essential oils which are very important antibacterial agent.

Three varieties of Plectranthus esculentus (Livingstone potato) are grown for their edible tubers by Berom people of Nigeria. Phytochemical, antimicrobial and antioxidant screening; with quantification of total phenols and flavonoids were carried out on hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts of leaves and tubers of each variety. Results revealed substantial antimicrobial activity in hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of tubers; methanol and aqueous extracts of leaves. Antimicrobial activity was ascribed to phytochemicals present viz steroids, anthraquinones saponins, tannins, and flavonoids. Bebot variety has the highest antioxidant activity and phenolic content, followed by Riyom, while Long’at had the least.