Volume10,Issue3

Among the plants commonly used in the traditional African pharmacopoeia, Parkia biglobosa called ‘nere’ in the West African sub-region is one of the most common. We decided to determine the essential components of the aqueous extract of the bark trunk of the plant and to carry out an acute toxicity study. The phytochemical study of the trunk bark of this plant revealed the presence of sterols, polyterpenes, polyphenols, catechic tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponosides. At the concentration of 2 mg/ml or 40 mg/kg body weight (bw), all animals fully regained their motive power and balance after one hour and throughout the experiment, no animal die (0%) by intraperitoneal injection. At 10 mg/ml, equivalent to 192 mg/kg bw. AEPB became toxic. The doses of 192, 380 and 400 mg/kg bw gived respectively 20, 40 and 60% mortality. At 40 mg / ml equivalent to 851 mg/kg bw, all mice died, the LD100 is reached, with the 100% lethal dose. AEPB is a moderately toxic plant whose use in pharmacopoeia must be controlled.

Echinochloa colona (L.) Link is distributed throughout the world is a persistent weed species. It is a valuable fodder and traditionally used in spleen and hemorrhage problems. Recently found that it has wound healing, antioxidant and antimicrobial property. The objectives of this review to present existing information to pin point key findings which would helpful to explore medicinal importance of this weed.

Objective: Mesuaferrea L is a medicinal plant belongs to the family Clusiace, it is extensively used in folk medicine for treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.The present study was aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of M. ferrea L. Methods: The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities such as nitric oxide, PGE₂, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) were studied in RAW 264.7 cells and in vivo studies were carried out on carrageenan -induced inflammation in Wistar rats. The sequentially extracted M. ferreaL bark extracts (MFBHE, MFBEE, and MFBME) exhibited inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide, prostaglandin E₂, tumour necrosis factor-αandinterleukin-1βproduction in concentration dependent manner in LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells andCarrageenan induced paw oedema in Wistar rats. Conclusion: The result of the present study indicated that M. ferrea L ethyl acetate bark extract exhibited significant in vitroand in vivoanti-inflammatory activity.

The objective of the study is to evaluate the antihelminthic property of  Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract by studying the paralysis and mortality time of Tubiflex tubiflex (blood worm).  The aqueous extract  at 200mg/ml  exhibited  paralysis time of 1 minute and death time of  2 minutes  which was on par with synthetic drug Albendazole at 20mg/ml. Crude condensed tannin  paralysed T.tubiflex at 60 seconds with  mortality time of 9 minutes at 1mg/ml. T.tubiflex was selected for the study since they share a similar anatomical and physiological aspects with the intestinal round worm. The study indicated that  T.tubiflex  was inhibited effectively by condensed tannin in  Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract and perhaps might be  more effective on the round worms as well, since it is consumed  as vegetable for its nutritive and medicinal values in tropical and subtropical regions.

The current study aimed to compare three different types of Egyptian flavoured tobacco (Moàssel) used in Hookah smoking. The samples (Apple, Creamy Strawberry and Mix Grapes) were obtained from Al Dandash company (a famous Tobacco company in Egypt). They were analyzed by Head Space GC/MS. There were great differences among the investigated samples. The identified compounds of the Apple sample showed 34 constituents, which represented (93.13%) of the total compounds. The major one was anethole (30.43%). While, the Creamy Strawberry specimen exhibited 27 recognized compounds, which represented (59.61%) of the sample. The chief constituent was acetic acid (15.83%). Finally, the last sample showed 25 identified constituents, which represented (93.16%) of the total compounds and the main compound was 1,2-propanediol (32.74%) of the constituents.