Volume14,Issue4

In recent times, there has been an enhanced demand for more patient compliant dosage forms. Oral route has been the gold standard in the administration of medications due to its safety, good patient compliance, ease of ingestion, pain avoidance and.  The pediatric and geriatric populations may benefit from advantages such as simplicity of administration and convenience of usage. Mentally retarded patients, institutionalized patients and those travelling without access to water face a challenge as well. ODTs are solid unit dosage form which when placed in the oral cavity swiftly disintegrates or dissolves without the need of water. ODT technology helps overcome the above mentioned challenges. Several orodispersible medication formulations have recently been brought to the market. The use of oral lyophilizers and orodispersible granules or films has expanded the therapeutic options. This study focuses on ODTs, a novel method in drug delivery systems increasingly emphasized in the formulation industry. Due to super disintegrants in the formulation, an orally disintegrating tablet dissolves in the mouth within a minute in the presence of saliva and without the need to drink extra water. This study focused on the technologies that are now accessible and the progress that has been achieved in the field of ODTs manufacturing. Apart from traditional formulation processes, this review delves into the details of certain novel technologies such as freeze drying, direct compression, tablet molding, sublimation, and fast dissolving films, as well as their benefits and drawbacks. Several scientists have created ODTs using patented technologies such as Zydis, wow tab, flash tab, Oroquick, and Orosolv technology.

The term diabetes mellitus is defined as a metabolic disorder characterized by multiple etiologies, like chronic hyperglycemia. The effects of diabetes mellitus include dysfunction and long-term damage to various organs. The characteristic symptoms of diabetes mellitus include polyuria, blurred vision, thirst and weight loss. Different preparations of insulin are available, such as beef insulin, pork insulin and human insulin. The most important adverse effects of using insulin are weight gain and hypoglycemia. Insulin binds to sulfonylurea receptors on the β- cell plasma membrane. ATP-sensitive potassium channels lead to depolarized cell membranes. The aqueous extract of the rhizome of Alpinia purpurata has been taken for the present study. The aqueous extract was also examined for anti-oxidant activities by using the free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging method. The different concentrations of extracts exhibited potent radical scavenging activity using DPPH as substrate. The rhizome Alpinia purpurata exhibited significant α-amylase (75.609%) and α- glucosidase (77.064%) inhibitory activities at the concentration of 100µg/ml when compared with standard acarbose drug. The GCMS analysis is done to find the active components in the extract. The aqueous extract suggested that the rhizome of Alpinia purpurata is a potential source for natural antioxidant and antidiabetic compounds used in the management of diabetes mellitus.

Phylanthusemblica or Emblicaofficinalis, commonly known as Indian gooseberry or Amla, belongs to the family phyllanthaceae, is known as richest source of vitamin C. The medicinal properties of Amla were well known since ancient period and were reported in ancient Indian Ayurvedic Medicine for preventing infection, hair treatment and different skin disease, Since early 1980s, an alarming problem of ground water arsenic (As) contamination has devastated eastern Indian regions. Arsenic is a known human carcinogen and an environmental pollutant known to cause adverse health effects such as liver injury, neurotoxicity, increase risk of cancers of skin, lung, bladder and liver. As many natural herbs, which can be consumed through our diet, possess excellent chemo-preventive properties, our present study was conducted to examine the anti-clastogenic and hepato-protective properties of Amla extract against Arsenic induced chromosomal aberration and hepato-toxicity in mice in vivo. To checkin vitro total antioxidant property of Amlaextract, phosphomolybdenum method was performed. Our result demonstrated that, orally administered Amla extract (60mg/kg/b.w.) are effective in counteracting the clastogenecity of the most potent form of arsenic, sodium arsenite in mice in vivo. It also shows good amount of hepato-protective property against sodium arsenite. These results suggest that the use of Amla, which have a good antioxidant property, in diet, may give an effective protection against the health crisis generated by arsenic.

Cyclophosphamide (CPP) is an immunosuppressive agent, widely prescribed in cancer therapy and in management of autoimmune disorders. Cyclophosphamide is a prodrug on hepatic metabolism converted into active 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide and toxic metabolites such as phosphoramide mustard and acrolein. The produced toxic metabolites of CPP alter the hepatocellular membrane permeability by initiating lipid peroxidation and leads hepatic injuries. Present study was conducted to establish the healing prospective of ethanolic extract A. paniculata (EAPE) on cyclophosphamide induced liver injuries in Wister rats. Six groups of Wistar rats (n=6) were constituted. Intoxicated animals were treated with EAPE at dose of 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg. On 14^th day, blood samples were collected and examined for liver function parameters (SGOT, SGPT, ALP and total bilirubin content). Livers were examined for histopathological transformation and investigated for oxidative stress. Supplementation with EAPE reported a significant (p< 0.001) fall in SGOT, SGPT, ALP as well as in total bilirubin content. A significant (p<0.001) enhancement in antioxidant effect of EAPE were also reported as decrease in lipid peroxidation along with increase in GSH, SOD level and catalase activity. Histopathological investigations evidenced with healing and retention of normal hepatic architecture.